Climate change is one of the biggest threats to agriculture worldwide, and organic farms are no exception. The increasing frequency of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods and high temperatures is posing new challenges for farmers. However, organic farming has certain advantages in the face of climate change due to its sustainable and nature-based methods. How do organic farms adapt to climate change?
Increasing soil fertility through composting
Organic farmers actively use composting to improve soil fertility. This not only improves soil structure, but also reduces soil erosion, which is an important aspect in the fight against climate change. More fertile soil retains moisture, which helps farms withstand droughts.
Water conservation through mulching and crop rotation
Mulching and crop rotation are important methods that organic farmers use to conserve water in the soil. Mulch helps retain moisture, lowers soil temperature, and reduces the need for additional irrigation. Crop rotation, in turn, contributes to soil health by helping to preserve soil structure and nutrients.
Use of local plant varieties
Organic farmers are increasingly turning to the use of local plant varieties that are better adapted to local conditions and can withstand extreme weather conditions. The choice of such varieties ensures high resistance to diseases and pests, reduces the need for chemicals and reduces the risk of losses.
Multifunctional agricultural landscapes
Organic farmers also use agro-landscapes that include not only the main crops, but also plantings of trees, shrubs, and grasses. This not only promotes biodiversity, but also helps to retain moisture, reduces the risk of erosion, and maintains the ecological balance on the farm.
Innovation and research
Organic agriculture is actively implementing innovative approaches, particularly in the field of agronomy and biology. For example, the development of new plant varieties that are highly resistant to drought and other weather events is an important area of research. Farmers are also actively implementing new methods of water management, using renewable energy sources and efficient irrigation systems.
Support networks and cooperation
An important aspect of organic farms’ adaptation to climate change is interaction with other farmers, research institutions and organizations. Exchange of experience and cooperation allow for faster adaptation to new conditions by applying proven strategies and technologies.
Adapting organic farms to climate change is not a one-time process. It is an ongoing challenge that requires innovation, flexibility, and the ability to change. However, organic agriculture has already shown its ability to adapt to new conditions, thanks to its sustainable practices that contribute not only to environmental protection but also to long-term food security.